CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
Publication Record
Ayoub, G., A. Acra, R. Abdallah, and M. El Fadel. 2000.
Critical density index for the solar production of bittern from seawater. The
International Journal of Environmental Studies, Section A.
Ayoub, G., F. Merhebi, R. Abdallah, and M. El Fadel. 1999.
Coagulation of alkalized municipal wastewater using seawater bittern. Water
Environment Research.
Ayoub, G., F. Merhebi, A. Acra, and M. El Fadel. 2000.
Seawater bittern for the treatment of alkalized industrial effluents. Water
Research.
Ayoub, G., L. Semerjian, M. El Fadel, A. Acra, and B. Koopman.
2001. Heavy metal removal by coagulation with liquid bittern. Journal of
Environmental Engineering.
Ayoub, G., L. Semerjian, M. El Fadel, and B. Koopman 2001. Removal
of heavy metals by coagulation with liquid seawater bittern. Journal of
Environmental Engineering.
Baaj, M. H. 2000. The land public transport sector in Lebanon:
From chaos to sustainable reform and organization, Part I: The plan. Journal
of Public Transportation 3 (3):87108.
Cascetta, E., and I. Kaysi. 2001. Research into ATIS
behavioral response: Areas of interest and future perspectives.Chapter 6 in Challenges
and Opportunities in Travel Behavior Research and Applications, ed.
Mahmassani ,H. Pergamon Press.
Chaaban, F., G. M. Ayoub, and M. Oulabi. 2001. A preliminary
evaluation of selected transport-related pollutants in the ambient atmosphere
of the city of Beirut, Lebanon. Air, Water and Soil Pollution.
El Fadel, M. 1999. Leachate recirculation effects on
settlement and biodegradation rates in MSW landfills. Environmental
Technology.
. 2000. Hazard assessment of indoor air quality in fire
damaged buildings. Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste Management 4
(3):99104.
. 2000. Simulating temperature variations in landfills. Journal
of Solid Waste Technology and Management 26 (2):7886.
. 2001. Environmental impact assessment of traffic
improvement in highly-congested urban areas: The Beirut urban transport
project. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 19 (1):7384.
El Fadel, M., M. Abou Najm, and H. Sbayti. 2000. Air quality
control at congested urban intersections. Journal of Transportation and
Statistics 3 (2):85103.
. 2000. Intersection management alternatives: I. Air quality
impacts. In Urban Transport V: Urban Transport and the Environment for the
21st Century, ed. L. J. Sucharov, 83-92. Southampton, UK: WIT Press.
El Fadel, M., and E. Bou Zeid. 1999. Greenhouse gas emissions
from the transportation sector in developing countries: The case of
Lebanon. Transportation Research Part D.
. 2000. Transportation emissions in Lebanon: Extent and
mitigation. In Urban Transport V: Urban Transport and the Environment for
the 21st Century, ed. L. J. Sucharov, 149-158. Southampton, UK: WIT
Press.
El Fadel, M., W. Chahine, and S. Sadek. 2001. Environmental
management of quarries as waste disposal facilities. Environmental
Management 27 (4):515531.
El Fadel, M., S. Chazbak, E. Salibi, and J. Leckie. 1999. A
comparative evaluation of settlement models for MSW landfill applications. Waste
Management and Research.
El Fadel, M., and Z. Hashisho. 2001. Modeling
vehicular-induced emissions in roadway tunnels: Methodologies and
limitations. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology
31 (2):125174.
. 2000. Vehicular emissions and air quality assessment in
roadway tunnels: The Salim Slam tunnel. Transportation Research Part
D 5 (5):355372.
El Fadel, M., D. Jamali, A. Eid, and R. Quba'a. 2000.
Estimating and mitigating agriculture related GHG
emissions: Uncertainties and policy reforms. Environmental Studies
Part A 57:663681.
El Fadel, M., and R. Khoury. 2000. Modeling settlement of
organic refuse: A critical assessment. Critical Review in Environmental
Science and Technology 30 (3):327361.
El Fadel, M., and M. Massoud. 2001. Estimation of methane
emissions from wastewater management. Environmental Pollution 114
(2):177185.
. 2000. Methane emissions from landfills: A
methodology comparative assessment. Environmental Technology 21:965978.
. 2000. Particulate matter in urban areas: Health
based economic assessment. The Science of Total Environment 257
(23):133146.
El Fadel, M., M. Massoud, and L. Semerjian. 2001. Energy
related GHG emissions: Assessment of emission factor uncertainty. World
Resource Review 13 (1):6173.
El Fadel, M., and S. Sadek. 2000. Wastewater management along
the Mediterranean coast: A treatment application decision case study. Journal
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 29:116124.
El Fadel, M., and H. Sbayti. 2000. Economics of mitigating GHG
emissions from MSW management in developing countries. Waste Management
& Research 18:329340.
. 2000. Noise control at congested urban intersections. Noise
Control Engineering Journal 48 (6):
206213.
. 2001. Parking facilities in urban areas: Air and
noise impacts. Journal of Urban Planning and Development 127
(1):1633.
El Fadel, M., H. Sbayti, and M. Abou Najm. 2000. Intersection management
alternatives: II. Noise impacts. In Urban Transport V: Urban Transport and
the Environment for the 21st Century, ed. L. J. Sucharov, 513-522.
Southampton, UK: WIT Press.
El Fadel, M., and Sh. Shazbak. 2000. Environmental impacts of
parking facilities in urban areas. In Urban Transport V: Urban Transport
and the Environment for the 21st Century, ed. L. J. Sucharov, 247-258.
Southampton, UK: WIT Press.
El Fadel, M., M. Zeinati, K. El-Jisr, and D. Jamali. 2001.
Industrial waste management in developing countries: The case of
Lebanon. Journal of Environmental Management 61 (4):281300.
El Fadel, M., M. Zeinati, and D. Jamali. 2000. Development of
procedures for environmental impact assessment in Lebanon. Environmental
Impact Assessment Review 20 (5):579604.
. 2000. Water resources in Lebanon: Characterization,
water balance, and constraints. Journal of Water Resources Development 16
(4):619642.
El Hajj, A. 1999. Functional simulation using spreadsheets. Simulation.
El Hajj, A., K. Y. Kabalan, and S. Khoury. 2000. A Linear
Control System Simulation Toolbox Using Spreadsheets. IEEE Control Systems
Magazine.
El Hajj, A., K. Y. Kabalan, M. Mneimneh, and F. Karablieh.
2000. Microprocessor simulation and program assembling using spreadsheets. Simulation.
El Hajj, A., K. Y. Kabalan, and A. Rayess. 2000.
Electromagnetic transmission between two regions separated by two parallel
planes perforated with rectangular apertures. International Journal of
Electronics and Communication.
El Hougeiri, N., and M. El Fadel. 2000. Indoor air quality at
a public bus terminal facility. In Air Pollution VIII, ed. J. W. S.
Longhurst, C. A. Brebbia, and H. Power, 561-572. Southampton, UK: WIT Press.
Hamad, B., and R. Akik. 2001. Role of casting position on bond
of reinforcement in eccentric pullout silica fume concrete specimens. Materials
and Structures Journal 34:163171.
Hamad, B., G. Khoury, and H. Khatib. 2001. Petrographic,
chemical, and physical properties of major coarse aggregate resources in
Lebanon, Eastern Mediterranean. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the
Environment 59 (4):307312.
Hamad, B., G. Khoury, and M. Khawlie. 2000. Geology and
location of major coarse aggregate resouces in Lebanon, Eastern
Mediterranean. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment.
Hamad, B., and M. Machaka. 1999. Effect of Transverse
reinforcement on bond of reinforcing bars in silica fume concrete. Materials
and Structures Journal.
Hamad, B., and Z. Seferian. 2000. Role of casting position on
bond of confined tension lap splices in silica fume concrete. Materials
and Structures Journal 33:584593.
Hashisho, Z., and M. El Fadel. 2000. Air quality assessment in
tunnels: Field measurements and mathematical modeling. In Air Pollution
VIII, ed. J. W. S. Longhurst, C. A. Brebbia, and H. Power, 369-378.
Southampton, UK: WIT Press.
Kabalan, K. Y., A. El Hajj, and W. Smari. 1999. The Routh-
Hurwitz stability criterion. The imaginary-axis zero problem: A tutorial
paper. Control and Intelligent Systems.
Kaysi, I. 2001. Driver behavior at unsignalized and
uncontrolled intersections. The Leading Edge in Travel Behavior Research, ed.
D. Hensher, 739751. Pergamom Press.
Kaysi, I., and G. Alam. 1999. Characterizing traffic
conditions in urban networks with minimal control: A case study of post-war
Beirut. World Transport Research. Pergamon.
. 2000. Driver behavior and traffic stream interactions at
unsignalized intersections. Journal of Transportation Engineering 126
(6):498505.
Kaysi, I., and N. Hage Ali. 2000. Analytical modeling of
driver guidance schemes with flow variability considerations. Transportation
Research Record. Transportation Research Board 1717:5565
. 2001. Analytical modeling of road-side and in-vehicle driver
guidance schemes with compliance considerations. International Journal of
Modeling and Simulation.
Kaysi, I., H. Mahmassani, S. Arnaout, and L. Kattan. 2000.
Phasing out in automotive fuels: Conversion considerations, policy
formulation, and application to Lebanon. Transportation Research Part
D,5D (6):403418.
Khoury, R., M. El Fadel, S. Sadek, and G. M. Ayoub. 2000.
Temporal variation of leachate quality in seawater saturated fills. Advances
in Environmental Research 4:313323.
Kobrossi, R., Z. Hashisho, and M. El Fadel. 2000. Economic
benefits of reducing SO2 emissions from the cement industry in
Lebanon. In Air Pollution VIII, eds. J. W. S. Longhurst, C. A.
Brebbia, and H. Power, 211-220. Southampton, UK: WIT Press.
Mabsout, M., S. Sadek, and T. Smayra. 1999. Pile driving by
numerical cavity expansion. International Journal for Numerical and
Analytical Methods in Geomechanics.
Mezher, T. 2000. Strategies for industrial and technological
development of Middle Eastern countries. International Journal of
Environmental Studies.
Mezher, T., M. A. Abdul-Malak, and H. Medawar. 1999. Applying
total quality management techniques to improve software development. Quality
Assurance.
Mezher, T., and C. Zreik. 2000. Current environmental
management practices in the Lebanese manufacturing sector. Eco-Management
and Auditing.
Sadek, S., A. Abou Ibrahim, C. Manasseh, and M. El Fadel.
2001. Stability assessment of solid waste sea fills: Geotechnical
properties and sensitivity analysis. Environmental Studies Part A 58:217234.
Sadek, S., and M. El Fadel. 2000. Reclamation of a landfill
along the Mediterranean coast: A waste management application decision
case study. Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 29:155161.
Sadek, S., M. El Fadel, R. Khoury, and G. Ayoub. 2000.
Settlement of seawater saturated waste fills. Environmental Engineering
Science.
Shahalam, A., A. Bious, G. M. Ayoub, and A. Acra. 2000. Single
and multi-component adsorption of toluene, xylene and hexane in agitated soils.
Journal of Environmental Science Part A.
Abstracts, Conferences, and Proceedings
Abou Ibrahim, A., and M.
El Fadel. November 2000.
Coastal zone in Lebanon: Characterization, modeling and management. 14th
Science Meeting organized by National Council for Scientific Research (NCSR)
and Lebanese
Association for the Advancement of Science (LAAS), Beirut, Lebanon.
. May 2001.
Coastal zone in Lebanon: Characterization, modeling and management.
World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, Orlando, Florida, USA.
Abou Najm, M., and M. El
Fadel. December 2000. A linear
programming model for the economic and environmental optimization of
integrated solid waste management systems. Sixteenth International Conference
on Solid Waste Technology and Management, Philadelphia, USA.
Abou Najm, M., M. El
Fadel, M. El Taha, G. Ayoub, and F. Al Awar. November 2000. Regional intergrated solid waste management: An
optimization model for northern Lebanon. 14th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting,
Beirut, Lebanon.
Alameddine, I., M. Kazopoulo,
M. El Fadel, M. Hamdan, and R.
Nasrallah. November 2000.
Assessment of indoor air quality in underground parking facilities: Field
measurements and mathematical modeling. 14th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting,
Beirut, Lebanon.
Annani, S., K. Kharrat,
and M. El Fadel. June 2000. Air quality assessment at
signalized intersections. 93rd Air and Waste Management Association (AWMA)
Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, USA.
Awwad, E., M. Mabsout,
S. Sadek, and K. Tarhini. August 2000. Finite element analysis of concrete box culverts.
8th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering,
Stanford, California, USA.
Ayoub, G., N. Azar,
M. El Fadel, and B. Hamad. November 1999. Sewer corrosion in the Lebanese environment. 13th
NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
Ayoub, G. M., F. Chaaban,
and M. Oulabi. November 1999. Data base of air and
noise pollution in Lebanon. 13th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut,
Lebanon.
Ayoub, G., J. Ghannam, R. Khoury, A. Acra, and B. Hamdar.
November 1999. Submarine springs as an alternative water resource: A field
investigation. 13th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
Ayoub, G. M., D.Khorbotli,
and M. El Fadel. November 2000. Evaluation of
methodologies for filter media coating. 14th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting,
Beirut, Lebanon.
Ayoub, G. M., R. Khoury,
J. Ghannam, A. Acra, and B. Hamdar. May 2001.
Submarine springs as an alternative water resource. The World Water and
Environmental Resources Congress, Orlando, Florida.
Ayoub, G., P. Saikaly,
E. Baydoun, and M. El Fadel. November 2000. The impact of step
feeding on rotating biological contractors. 14th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting,
Beirut, Lebanon.
Ayoub, G., L. Semerjian,
and M. El Fadel. November 2000. Seawater liquid bittern:
A potential coagulant for heavy metals. 14th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting,
Beirut, Lebanon.
Baaj, M. H. July 1999. The
organization of the transport sector in Lebanon. Workshop on Land Transport
Policy for Lebanon, organized by The Ministry of Public Works and Transport
in association with the World Bank Group and the UN-ESCWA, Beirut, Lebanon.
. March 2001. The
civil aviation sector in Lebanon: background and reform objectives. Workshop
on the Civil Aviation Strategy for Lebanon: Components and Implementation
Plan, Beirut, Lebanon.
Baaj, H., M. El
Fadel, S. Shazbak, and E. Salibi. January 2001. Noise impact assessment of elevated highways in
urban areas: Model calibration and mitigation measures. 80th Annual Meeting
of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, USA.
. January 2001.
Noise impact assessment of multi-highways in urban areas: Model
calibration and mitigation measures. Transportation Research Board,
Washington, DC, USA.
Bou Zeid, E., M. El
Fadel, and H. Basha. November 2000. Leachate impacts on groundwater: Modeling
generation and transport at the Naameh landfill. 14th NCSR/LAAS Science
Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
Bou Zeid, E., M. El
Fadel, and W. Chahine. December 2000. Modeling leachate
generation and transport from waste disposal at a former quarry site. 16th
International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management,
Philadelphia, USA.
Chahine, M., M. El
Fadel, T. Mezher, and H. Baaj. November 2000. Noise impacts of aircraft traffic at Beirut
International Airport: A socio-economic perspective. 14th NCSR/LAAS Science
Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
El Fadel, M. July 1999. Environmental
impacts of transportation and traffic management projects. Workshop on Land
Transport Policy for Lebanon by United Nations Economic and Social Commission
for Western Asia and Ministry of Transport, Beirut, Lebanon.
. February 2000. Environmental
remediation of fire damaged buildings. American Society of Civil Engineers
Construction Congress 6, Orlando, Florida, USA.
. April 2000. Municipal
wastewater management in the region of Akkar. First Conference on the
Development of Akkar: Water and Health, Minyara, Akkar, Lebanon.
. April 2000. Noise
in Lebanese urban areas: Impact significance and mitigation measures.
Awareness Seminar on Noise in the Environment, Beirut, Lebanon.
. September 2000.
Policies and strategies for the prediction and adaptation to the consequences
of global climatic change in Lebanon. Advanced Seminar on Climatic Change:
Effects on Agriculture in the Mediterranean Region, Zaragoza, Spain.
El Fadel, M., and M. Abou
Najm. November 1999. Air quality
impact assessment for optimal grade separation at congested intersections.
13th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., I. Alameddine,
M. Kazapoulo, M. Hamdan, and R. Nasrallah, April 2001. Modeling of indoor air
quality at an underground parking facility. International Conference on
Monitoring Indoor Air Pollution, Manchester, England.
El Fadel, M., and G. M. Ayoub.
November 2000. Coastal zone in
Lebanon: Characterization, modeling and management. 14th NCSR/LAAS Science
Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., and E. Bou
Zeid. November 1999. Climate
change and water resources in Lebanon: A vulnerability and adaptation
assessment. 13th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
. November 1999.
Landfill leachate generation at the Naameh landfill: Quantitative modeling.
13th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
. February 2001.
Water resources and climate change in the Middle East. A RICAMARE Workshop on
Socio-Economic Assessment of Climate Change in the Mediterranean: Impacts,
Adaptation, and Mitigation Co-Benefits, Milan, Italy.
El Fadel, M., M. Chahine,
H. Baaj, and T. Mezher. January 2000.
Noise impact assessment of airport traffic: Field measurements and
mathematical modeling. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, USA.
. August 2000.
Managing noise emission impacts of airport Traffic. The 2000 International
Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering, Nice, France.
El Fadel, M., and N. El
Hougeiri. November 1999. Indoor
air quality at the OCFTC facilities. 13th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut,
Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., Y. El
Sayegh, and L. Rishmani. November 1999. Explosion and fire
analysis of the Dora gas storage tanks. 13th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting,
Beirut, Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., and Z. Hashisho. July 1999. Phase-out of leaded
gasoline in Lebanon: Cost and health benefit analysis. United Nations
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, Ministry of Transport,
Workshop Proceedings, Beirut, Lebanon.
. November 1999.
Air quality assessment in Salim Slam tunnel. 13th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting,
Beirut, Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., H. Kalinian,
and S. Salhab. November 1999. Applicability of air
pollution control philosophies in Lebanon. 13th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting,
Beirut, Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., and R. Khoury. November 1999. Alternatives for
landfill leachate management at the Naameh landfill. 13th NCSR/LAAS Science
Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., R. Khoury,
and S. Sadek. November 1999. Settlement and
stabilization processes in municipal solid waste. 13th NCSR/LAAS Science
Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., R. Khoury,
S. Sadek, and G. M. Ayoub. November 1999. Settlement and
stabilization processes in municipal solid waste. 13th NCSR/LAAS Science
Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., R. Khoury,
S. Sadek, and G. Ayoub. December 1999. Temporal variation of leachate quality in
laboratory test cells. Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference
on Solid Waste Technology and Management, Philadelphia, USA.
El Fadel, M., and M. Massoud. July 1999. Economic health benefits
of reducing particulate matter in Lebanese urban areas. Workshop proceedings,
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, Ministry of
Transport, Beirut, Lebanon.
. October 1999. Comparative
assessment of methodologies for methane emissions estimation from MSW
landfills. Seventh International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium,
Cagliari, Italy.
. November 1999.
Privatization of solid waste management services in the Greater Beirut Area.
13th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
. July 2000. Methane
emissions from wastewater management. 1st World Congress of the IWA
International Water Association, Paris, France.
. April 2001.
GHG emissions from solid waste and wastewater management: Mitigation
perspectives in developing vs. developed countries. 12th Global Warming
International Conference, Cambridge, UK.
El Fadel, M., M. Massoud,
and H. Kanlinian. November 1999. Preliminary screening
of groundwater quality in Lebanon: A vulnerability assessment. 13th NCSR/LAAS
Science Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., I. Nuwayhid,
R. Kobrossi, and M. Metni. November 1999. Preliminary assessment of the economic benefits of
reducing emissions from the cement industry in the Chekka area. 13th
NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., and H. Sbayti.
November 1999. Landfill gas
recovery at the Naameh landfill. 13th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut,
Lebanon.
. November 1999. Noise
impact assessment for optimal grade separation at congested intersections.
13th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., H. Sbayti,
and I. Kaysi. April 2001. Modeling of
traffic-induced emission inventories in urban areas: Effect of roadway
network aggregation levels, traffic management, and technology. 2nd
International Conference on Air Pollution Modeling and Simulation, France.
El Fadel, M., S. Shazbak,
and R. Khoury. October 1999. Simulation of solid
waste settlement in laboratory columns. Seventh International Waste
Management and Landfill Symposium, Cagliari, Italy.
Hamad, B., September
2000. Overview of the anchorage problem of reinforcing bars in high
performance silica fume concrete. ACI Fourth International Conference on
Repair, Rehabilitation, and Maintenance of Concrete Structures, and
Innovations in Design and Construction, Seoul, Korea.
Hashisho, Z., M. El
Fadel, G. Ayoub, and H. Baaj. November 2000. Phase-out of leaded gasoline: A prescription for
Lebanon. 14th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
Kaysi, I., A. El
Husseini, and R. Ramadi. August 2000. Computer-based-modeling
of national goods movement. ASCE 8th International Conference on Computing in
Civil and Building Engineering, Stanford, California, USA.
Kaysi, I., M. Moghrabi,
and H. Mahmassani. January 2001. Hot spot management
strategies in a congested developing city: Application to the Beirut network.
80th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington DC, USA.
Khoury, R., and M. El
Fadel. November 2000. Municipal
solid waste management in Lebanon: The need for an integrated approach. 14th
NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
Kobrossi, R., I. Nuwayhid,
and M. El Fadel. November 2000. Health effects of air
pollution among 5 to 15 year-old children in the regions of Koura, Batroun
and Jbeil. 14th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
Mabsout, M., R. Jabakhanji,
and E. Awwad. November 2000. Wheel load
distribution in simple and continuous concrete slab bridges. 14th NCSR/LAAS
Science Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
Mabsout, M., R. Jabakhanji,
and K. Tarhini. August 2000. Finite element analysis
of concrete slab bridges. The 8th International Conference on Computing in
Civil and Building Engineering, Stanford, California, USA.
Mahfoud, R., M. Chahine,
M. Mehchi, and M. Mabsout. November 2000. Visual beam 2000: A computer-aided
structural engineering package. 14th NSCR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut,
Lebanon.
Mansour, M., and M.
El Fadel. November 2000.
Environmental impact assessment of the reconstruction of Beirut city center:
Merits versus concerns. 14th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
Menassa, C., and M. Mabsout.
November 2000. Skewness in
reinforced concrete slab bridges. 14th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut,
Lebanon.
Sadek, S., M. El
Fadel, C. Manasseh, and A. Aou Ibrahim. December 1999. Geotechnical properties of decomposed solid
waste materials. Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Solid Waste
Technology and Management, Philadelphia, USA.
Sbayti, H., M. El
Fadel, I. Kaysi, and H. Baaj. November 2000. Modeling of traffic-induced emissions in the
future Beirut central district. 14th NCSR/LAAS Science Meeting, Beirut,
Lebanon.
Shazbak, S., M. El
Fadel, and H. Baaj. November 2000. Noise impact assessment
of the proposed Beirut Northern Highway entrance. 14th NCSR/LAAS Science
Meeting, Beirut, Lebanon.
Tarhini, K., M. Mabsout,
and I. Naddaf. August 2000. A study of multi-design
trucks in steel bridges. The 8th International Conference on Computing in
Civil and Building Engineering, Stanford, California, USA.
Miscellaneous
El Fadel, M., Z. Hashisho, A. Abou Ibrahim, R. Chedly, and K.
Rakha. January 2001. Harbors and Marinas. Minsitry of Environment, The World
Bank, Beirut, Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., M. Zeinati, A. Abou Ibrahim, E. Bou Zeid, and M.
Abou Najm. January 2001. Solid Waste Management. Ministry of Environment, The
World Bank, Beirut, Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., M. Zeinati, A. Abou Ibrhaim, M. Massoud, and G.
Ayoub. January 2001. Wastewater Management. Ministry of Environment, The
World Bank, Beirut, Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., M. Zeinati, A. Abou Ibrahim, and S. Sadek, S.
December 2000. Quarries. Ministry of Environment, The World Bank, Beirut,
Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., M. Zeinati, A. Abou Ibrahim, H. Sbayti, M.
Kazapoulo, I. Kaysi, S. Shazbak, and M. Chahine. December 2000. Road and
Highways. Ministry of Environment, The World Bank, Beirut, Lebanon.
El Fadel, M., M. Zeinati, A. Abou Ibrahim, H. Tekin, and F.
Al-Awar. February 2001. Dams and Reservoirs. Ministry of Environment, Beirut,
Lebanon.
Graduate Theses and Projects
Abou Najm, M. July 2000. Economic and environmental optimization
of solid waste management in Lebanon. M. El Fadel, M. El Taha, F. Al Awar,
and G. Ayoub.
Akik, R. February 2001. Role of casting position on bond of
reinforcement in eccentric pullout silica fume concrete specimens. B. Hamad,
M. Harajli, and S. Sadek.
Awwad, E. July 1999. Finite element analysis of embedded
precast concrete culverts. M. Mabsout
and S. Sadek.
Azar, N. July 1999. Assessment of sewer corrosion in Lebanon.
G. Ayoub, M. El Fadel, and B. Hamad.
Bou Zeid, E. July 2000. Modeling leachate generation and
transport at a former quarry site. M. El Fadel, G. Ayoub, and S. Sadek.
El-Fadl, P. February 2000. Transport and logistics
requirements of large-scale urban construction. I. Kaysi.
El Houjeiri, N. February 2001. Indoor air quality management:
Field measurements and mathematical modeling. M. El Fadel, G. Ayoub, and F.
Chaaban.
Hashisho, Z. October 2000. Phase-out of leaded gasoline in
Lebanon: Costs and health benefits. M. El Fadel, H. Baaj, and G. Ayoub.
Jumah, Gh. August 2000. Effect of steel fibers on bond
strength of tension lap splices in high strength concrete. B. Hamad, M.
Harajli, and M. H. Baaj.
Khoury, G. July 1999. A study of coarse aggregate resources in
Lebanon. B. Hamad, M. Mabsout, and S. Sadek.
Kobrossi, R. July 2000. Health survey in the industrialized
regions of Chekka and Seltaata. I. Nuwayhid, A. Sibai, M. Khojali, and M. El
Fadel.
Massoud, M. May 2000. Privatization of waste management
services in Lebanon: Municipal solid waste and wastewater. M. El Fadel, G. M.
Ayoub, and A. Abdul Malak.
Massoud, M. July 2000. Privatization of waste management in
developing countries: The case of Lebanon. M. El Fadel, A. Abdul-Malak, and
G. Ayoub.
Moghrabi, M. February 2000. A framework for assessing
intelligent transportation systems (ITS) deploymentA case study of Lebanon.
I. Kaysi.
Saikaly, P. May 2001. The impact of step feeding on rotating
biological contactor performance. G. M. Ayoub, M. El Fadel, and E. Baydoun.
Sbayti, H. July 2000. Forecasting traffic induced air quality
impacts in urban areas. M. El Fadel, H. Baaj, and I. Kaysi.
Semerjian, L. July 2000. Heavy metal removal from alkalized
wastewaters using seawater bittern. G. Ayoub, S. Sadek, and M. El Fadel.
Shazbak, Sh. July 2000. Congestion relief and air quality
implications of urban traffic management. I. Kaysi, H. Baaj, and M. El Fadel.
Zein, M. October 2000. Characterization and mitigation of
ozone in urban areas: The case of Beirut. M. El Fadel, I. Nuwayhid, and S.
Sadek.
Research Projects
The submarine springs in the Chekka Bay, Lebanon: Delineation of salient
features
The general objective of the study was to evaluate
the feasibility of exploiting the submarine springs in the Chekka
Bay, Lebanon, taking into consideration technical, economic, social,
and environmental aspects of such a project. The fieldwork consisted of
a geological/ hydrogeological investigation, a marine study, and a
socio-economic analysis. The karstic features of the region facilitate the
occurrence of submarine springs. Field measurements of water discharge
indicated that a substantial amount of water could be available from the
exploitation of the submarine springs. Off-shore exploitation of these
springs would, however, face implementation problems as it is technically
difficult, financially expensive, and yields qualitatively unacceptable water
since analysis of water samples indicated a relatively high level of
salinity. A more suitable alternative would be to tap the springs inland
through wells of differing depths. Ayoub, G. M., J. Ghannam, R. Khoury, A.
Acra, and B. Hamdar.
Supported by International Development Research Center (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada
Completed or in progress at AUB
Greater Beirut suburban mass transit corridor study: Optimizing suburban
rail alignment
In October 1999, the US Trade and Development Agency
(USTDA) awarded the Lebanese Ministry of Transport (MOT) a 625,000 USD grant
to fund an economic and financial feasibility study for the re-opening the
Jounieh-Jyeh railway line. MOT selected a consultant team to carry out
the feasibility study. The selected team consisted of Frederic Harris, DMJM,
IBI Group, ABN AMRO North America, Dar al-Handasah, and Prof. Fred Salvucci
of MIT. The objective of this research project is to support the Frederic
Harris team in the evaluation of alternative rail alignments. Baaj, M. (PL),
and I. Kaysi.
Supported by Frederic R. Harris, Inc., USA
Completed or in progress at AUB
Model calibration for predicting noise emission impacts of airport
traffic
Airport traffic is a major source of community
concern due to aircraft noise emissions, particularly in locations close to
airports and aircraft flight tracks. The principal effects of
aircraft noise on humans include hearing damage risk, and speech and sleep
interference which can develop into stress. As such, it becomes essential to
locate and design airports as well as optimize flight paths in such a
way as to reduce noise exposure in nearby communities. For this purpose,
it was essential to assess changes of noise impact resulting from
new or extended runways, or runway configurations, evaluate new traffic
demand and fleet mix, evaluate revised routings and airspace structures,
assess alternative flight profiles, and modify other operational procedures.
Baaj, M., and M. El-Fadel.
Supported by URB
Completed or in progress at AUB
Environmental and economic indicators for integrated solid waste
management
Increased environmental concerns and the emphasis on
material and energy recovery are gradually changing the orientation of MSW
management and planning. In this context, the application of optimization
techniques has been introduced to design least-cost solid waste management
systems, considering the variety of management processes (recycling,
composting, anaerobic digestion, incineration, and landfilling) and the
existence of uncertainties associated with the number of system components
and their interrelations. This study presents a model developed and applied
to serve as a solid waste decision support system for MSW management, taking
into account both socio-economic and environmental considerations. The model
accounts for solid waste generation rates, composition, collection,
treatment, disposal, and potential environmental effects of various MSW
management techniques. It will serve as a tool to evaluate various MSW
management alternatives and to obtain the optimal combination of technologies
for the environmentally sustainable handling and disposal of MSW. El Fadel,
M. (PL), and M. Abou Najm.
Supported by URB and United States Agency for
International Development
Completed or in progress at AUB
Air and noise impacts at parking facilities
This report presents an air and noise impact assessment of
several proposed parking structures in the Beirut area, where parking
deficiencies have increased significantly in recent years due to post-war
development and reconstruction efforts. The focus of this assessment is on
the evaluation of potential noise and air quality impacts of the proposed
facilities, and the definition of corresponding mitigation measures to
alleviate adverse impacts. Analysis was also conducted to determine the
incremental effect of increased capacity of a parking facility on the air
quality and noise level. The assessment was conducted using measurements,
computer simulations, and relevant air quality standards and noise abatement
criteria. El Fadel, M. (PL), M. Abou Najm, and H. Sbayti.
Supported by United States Agency for International Development
Completed or in progress at AUB
Air quality modeling at grade intersections proposed in the Greater
Beirut Area
The transportation sector is the largest contributor to
urban air pollution in Lebanon, considering the rapidly-increasing vehicle
fleet and the absence of heavy industries. The residents of the Greater
Beirut Area (GBA) are exposed to elevated concentrations of air pollutants,
especially in periods of hot summers, when minimal air circulation and
relatively high humidity prevail. This report presents an air quality impact assessment
at major intersections in the Greater Beirut Area (GBA), where grade
separations are proposed to minimize traffic congestion. For this purpose,
field measurements were conducted to define current air quality exposure
levels. Simulations were performed for several scenarios, including
situations with and without grade separations. The assessment of the impact
significance of air quality emissions was then conducted by comparing the
predicted air pollution exposure levels with relevant ambient air quality
standards with the objective of optimizing the intersection management in
terms of minimal air quality impacts. El Fadel, M. (PL), M. Abou Najm, and H.
Sbayti.
Supported by United States Agency for International Development
Completed or in progress at AUB
Noise impact assessment for the proposed Beirut Northern highway entrance
The northern entrance to Beirut is located in a narrow
strip of land where the steep mountains almost reach the coast. An existing
4x4-lane coastal highway serves as the only road linking Beirut to its
northern suburbs. Commuters on this highway experience excessive daily delays
and long queues which cause elevated noise and air emissions. A new 3x3-lane
viaduct, running parallel or over the existing coastal highway, is proposed
to alleviate the existing congestion problem due to the very narrow strip of
land left available for further road development. The proposed highway uses
the corridor of an old railway that was destroyed during the civil war. This
viaduct was planned as a build, operate, and transfer project (BOT) and
included two toll plazas and three major interchanges. This report presents
the results of a noise impact assessment of the proposed viaduct. The study
consists of a field survey to locate sensitive receptors along the proposed
alignment and conduct noise measurement at these locations. The field results
are then compared with simulation results for the same locations after model
calibration. El Fadel, M. (PL), H. Baaj, S. Shazbak, and E. Salibi.
Supported by URB
Completed or in progress at AUB
Climate change and water resources in the Mediterranean basin: A
vulnerability and adaptation assessment
This report presents an overview of current climatic and
economic conditions of the countries of the Mediterranean basin,
characterizes water resources in these countries, evaluates regional climate
predictions, using two general circulation models. The country of Lebanon is
selected as a case study for an in-depth investigation with potential impacts
on water budget and soil moisture as indicators. Socio-economic impacts
associated with the afore-mentioned biophysical impacts are examined and
adaptation measures are assessed with a focus on no-regret actions in the
context of local socio-economic and environmental frameworks. El Fadel, M.,
and E. Bou Zeid.
Supported by United States Agency for International Development
Completed or in progress at AUB
Groundwater impact assessment study: Modeling leachate generation and
transport from waste disposal at a former quarry site
This study simulates leachate quantity generated at a 2000
tons/day landfill facility and assesses leachate migration away from the
landfill in order to control associated environmental impacts, particularly
on groundwater wells which are on a downward grade from the site. The site
offers unique characteristics in that it is a former quarry converted to a
landfill and is planned to have refuse depths in excess of one hundred
meters, making it one of the deepest in the world. The modeling estimates
leachate quantity and potential percolation into the subsurface, using the
Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) model. A
three-dimensional, multi-phase, variably saturated model (PORFLOW) was
adopted to simulate ground water flow and contaminant transport away from the
site. The models showed that significant potential adverse impacts were
confined to the immediate vicinity of the landfill, and simulation results
confirmed the importance of point-of-compliance specifications in landfill
performance criteria. El Fadel, M. (PL), E. Bou Zeid, and H. Basha.
Supported by National Council for Scientific Research
Completed or in progress at AUB
Managing noise emission impacts of airport traffic in Lebanon
In this study, a field survey was conducted to analyze the
effect of aircraft noise on the community, and document the extent of
annoyance and activity disturbance caused by noise, field noise measurements
were collected at sensitive receptors along selected locations around and
inside the Beirut International Airport (BIA), and the US Federal Aviation
Administration Integrated Noise Model (INM) was applied for the analysis and
prediction of airport traffic emission noise impacts on communities near the
proposed expansion at the BIA. The model was also used to predict future
noise levels, optimize airplane flight path, and assess mitigation measures
in order to minimize the potential impact of airport noise emissions. El
Fadel, M. (PL), M. Chahine, H. Baaj, and T. Mezher.
Supported by URB and National Council for Scientific Research
Completed or in progress at AUB
Assessment of indoor air quality at the OCFTC public bus terminal
This report presents an assessment of indoor air quality
at the main bus terminal in the Greater Beirut Area (GBA). For this purpose,
background information about indoor air quality and common modeling theories
was reviewed, relevant air quality standards were defined, existing
conditions were characterized, an air sampling program was implemented, and
mathematical modeling was conducted. Impact significance was evaluated by
comparing measured pollutant concentrations with indoor air quality
standards. Model simulations were used to evaluate emission factors,
occupational exposure, adequate ventilation rates, and maximum number of
buses that can be turned on simultaneously while maintaining acceptable
indoor air quality. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to evaluate the
effect of temperature changes within the terminal. Finally, control measures
that are expected to improve indoor air quality at the terminal were
discussed. El Fadel, M. (PL), and N. El Hougeiri.
Supported by United States Agency for International Development
Completed or in progress at AUB
Indoor air quality in Beirut: A characterization and modeling assessment
This report presents an assessment of IAQ at various
indoor environments selected from different geographic categories from the
Greater Beirut Area (GBA). For this purpose, background information about
indoor air quality was reviewed, existing conditions were characterized, an
air-sampling program was implemented, and mathematical modeling was
conducted. Twenty-eight indoor buildings were selected from various
geographic categories representing different environments (commercial,
residential, etc.). The nature of the selected targets was variable,
including four restaurants, three recreation areas, five sports centers, four
schools, both public and private, three commercial kitchens, six hotels, one
enclosed swimming pool, and two movie theatres. Indoor and outdoor air
samples were collected and analyzed using carbon monoxide (CO), particulate
matter (TSP), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and
total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) as indicators of
indoor air pollution (IAP). Mathematical modeling was used to simulate
pollutant concentration profiles, using CO and PM as indicators, as well as
occupational exposure and risk factors at a typical location. El Fadel, M.,
and N. El Hogeiri.
Supported by United States Agency for International Development
Completed or in progress at AUB
Fate and transport of methyl parathion in laboratory soil columns
Contamination of water resources by agro-chemicals
represents a serious health hazard. Spraying of agricultural chemicals that have
become a necessity for the production of high-quality crops, result in their
travel downward through the unsaturated zone and adsorption to the
surrounding soil. This process can cause soil and groundwater contamination,
the extent of which is greatly influenced by soil characteristics, chemical
properties, rate and method of chemical application, site physical
conditions, and management practices. To evaluate the fate and transport of
agricultural chemicals in Lebanese soil, an experimental study was conducted
using constructed soil columns. A mathematical model was then applied to
simulate long-term agrochemical transport. El Fadel, M. (PL), and M.
Kanawati.
Supported by National Council for Scientific Research
Completed or in progress at AUB
Municipal solid waste management in Lebanon: Impact assessment,
mitigation, and the need for an integrated approach
In this study, the current status of the MSW sector in
Lebanon was evaluated through a field survey covering 111 villages in four
different counties (i.e., mohafazas) and available information regarding MSW
management in the country. A broad assessment of major impacts of existing
practices on the environment was presented with associated applicable
mitigation measures. Finally, the major elements of an ISWM were described in
the context of country-specific characteristics. El Fadel, M. (PL), and R.
Khoury.
Supported by United States Agency for International Development
Completed or in progress at AUB
Preliminary characterization of Lebanese coastal waters
The need for environmental protection of the Lebanese
coastal zone is continuously increasing, and the implementation of a
monitoring scheme to protect this zone has become a necessity. The direct
discharge of untreated sewage and industrial effluents, the presence of
coastal solid waste dumps, and petrochemical activities are the main sources
of aggression along the seashore. A field survey was conducted along the
coast, stretching from Tyre in the south to Akkar in the north, to document
aggression sources and characterize the coastal waters near these sources.
Photographic documentation was taken, visual observations were noted, and
water samples were collected during the survey. The samples were physically
characterized in the field (pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and
temperature) and chemically analyzed for a series of constituents in the
laboratories (hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate alkalinities (expressed
as CaCO3), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Nitrate-Nitrogen
(NO3-N), orthophosphates, sulfates, chlorides, Total Suspended Solids (TSS),
Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS), total and fecal coliforms, heavy metals, and
pesticides). El-Fadel, M., R. Khoury, A. Abou Ibrahim, M. Zeinati, H. Sbayti,
and E. Bou Zeid.
Supported by United States Agency for International Development
Completed or in progress at AUB
Preliminary assessment of the economic benefits of reducing SO2
emissions from the cement industry in Chekka
This report describes recent and on-going efforts
conducted towards a proper air quality characterization in order to shed
light on the extent and nature of the impact of the cement industry in Chekka
on its immediate vicinity. For this purpose, continuous monitoring of
selected air pollutants (particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen
dioxide, and carbon monoxide) was conducted during a short summer period. In
addition, selected scenarios for emissions dispersion were mathematically
simulated. Field measurements, coupled with simulation results were linked to
a survey questionnaire to assess potential health and material damage on a
sample area. The economic benefits of emissions reduction using sulfur
dioxide and particulate matter as indicators are presented in the context of
the results obtained during this assessment. El Fadel, M. (PL), R. Kobrossi,
and M. Metni.
Supported by United States Agency for International Development
Completed or in progress at AUB
Privatization of solid waste management services in the Greater Beirut
area
This study explores the privatization feasibility of solid
waste management in Lebanon with the Greater Beirut area as an example. In
order to gain a better understanding of this concept, background information
and data regarding motives, advantages and disadvantages, and barriers
against privatization are first described. Lessons from developed and
developing countries are presented to illustrate how a public-private
partnership can be successful. The privatization process of solid waste
services in the Greater Beirut Area is then evaluated. The feasibility of
private sector participation in the management of municipal solid waste in
Beirut is examined. Analysis of waste services in Beirut is considered, and a
field survey is conducted to investigate public opinion regarding the
preference structure for solid waste management services. Moreover, a
qualitative comparison between solid waste services in Beirut before and
after the war, and a comparison between solid waste services in the cities of
Tripoli and Beirut are presented. El Fadel, M. (PL), and M. Massoud.
Supported by United States Agency for International Development
Completed or in progress at AUB
Screening groundwater quality in Lebanon: A preliminary assessment
The widespread use of agrochemicals over the past
half-century has led to the contamination of hydrologic systems, particularly
groundwater. The occurrence of agrochemicals in groundwater is one of the
prominent issues due to their potential impact on drinking water supplies.
Groundwater and soil samples were collected from various locations
characterized by extensive agricultural activities throughout Lebanon.
Physical properties of the groundwater samples were measured in the field.
The samples were then chemically analyzed in the laboratory for the presence
of agrochemicals, including transformation by-products, heavy metals, and
other constituents indicative of potential contamination such as nitrates,
sulfates, phosphates, and chlorides. Similarly, physical properties of the
soil samples that affect the leaching potential of contaminants were measured
in the laboratory. This report describes the sampling program and presents
the chemical analysis results obtained to date. Mitigation measures and
recommendations regarding policies for proper management and protection of
groundwater quality are proposed. El Fadel, M. (PL), M. Massoud, and H.
Kalinian.
Supported by United State Agency for International Development
Completed or in progress at AUB
Environmental impacts of waste disposal in rivers and estuaries along the
coast of Lebanon
This report presents a screening level impact assessment
of waste disposal on river water quality in Lebanon. It describes the
existing water quality conditions in several Lebanese rivers with emphasis on
the effect of waste disposal practices along these rivers. For this purpose,
river surveys, including water and sediment sample collection, and
physicochemical and biological analysis, were conducted, and corresponding
results were synthesized and presented. Proper management measures are
outlined to protect river water quality. The study encompasses about nine
Lebanese rivers. Field surveys involving the collection of water and sediment
samples from a total of 65 separate sampling sites were conducted. The testing
program was for the purpose of evaluating current conditions in the project
area and adding to existing data with respect to chemical and physical
properties of water and sediments. El Fadel, M. (PL), M. Massoud, and S.
Sadek.
Supported by National Council for Scientific Research
Completed or in progress at AUB
Settlement and stabilization processes in municipal solid waste landfills
Laboratory studies and mathematical modeling are proposed as
a means of correlating settlement rates with stabilization processes. Small
cells were designed and constructed to evaluate selected management practices
that may enhance biodegradation of typical municipal solid wastes from the
Beirut area, and to investigate the effect of seawater intrusion on
stabilization processes in coastal landfills such as the Normandy landfill.
The laboratory results were used as the basis for the calibration of
mathematical models to predict the rate and magnitude of landfill settlements
during operation, and more importantly, after site closure. The combined
experimental program and mathematical model allow the evaluation of
settlement-stabilization processes and the identification of control measures
towards safe and rapid development of completed landfills. El Fadel,
M. (PL), S. Sadek, and R. Khoury.
Supported by National Council for Scientific Research
Completed or in progress at AUB
VOC emissions from waste disposal facilities: Formation mechanisms, modeling,
measurements, and control strategies
This report presents a review of the significant topics
associated with the understanding of formation mechanisms, health impacts,
modeling, measurement, and control of VOC emissions from landfills. Site-specific
field measurements conducted as part of this study confirm theoretical
predictions that present MSW landfills as a significant source of VOC
emissions. To this end, a hybrid, non-steady state enclosure chamber-gas
probe methodology has been used to directly measure fluxes from the surface
of an experimental landfill located in Zahle, Lebanon. El Fadel, M. (PL), S.
Salhab, and R. Khoury.
Supported by United States Agency for International Development
Completed or in progress at AUB
Noise modeling at grade intersections proposed in the Greater Beirut Area
Urban areas of Beirut suffer severe traffic congestion
because of a deficient transportation system resulting in economic losses and
adverse environmental impacts. Grade separations are proposed at several
intersections to minimize this problem. Noise levels, which highly depend on
the geometric configuration of an intersection, are a major environmental
concern. This report presents a noise impact assessment at several
intersections where a grade separation is proposed. For this purpose, field
measurements were conducted to define current noise exposure levels and
calibrate a noise emission model. Simulations were performed for several
scenarios including with and without grade separations, changes in vehicle
mix, type of pavement used and level-of-service. The assessment of the impact
significance of noise emissions was then conducted by comparing the predicted
noise exposure levels with baseline noise levels and relevant noise exposure
standards with the objective of optimizing the intersection management in
terms of minimal noise impacts. El Fadel, M. (PL), H. Sbayti, and M. Abou
Najm.
Supported by United States Agency for International Development
Completed or in progress at AUB
Landfill gas emissions: Uncertainty analysis and assessment of mitigation
alternatives
This report considers the influence of municipal solid
waste management, particularly landfilling on potential climate change,
presents a brief review of methane formation mechanisms in municipal solid
waste landfills, describes estimation methods used in determining methane
emissions, and compares results and associated uncertainties that are
typically obtained with each method. An application for estimating
countrywide (with the country of Lebanon as an example) methane gas emissions
from solid waste are presented using the approach adopted by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The relative significance
of these emissions is assessed in comparison with methane emissions from
developing and developed countries. Mitigation alternatives to reduce these
emissions are also described with an economic assessment conducted in the
context of country-specific characteristics in terms of equivalent cost of
emission reduction. El Fadel, M. (PL), H. Sbayti, and M. Massoud.
Supported by United States Agency for International Development
Completed or in progress at AUB
Water resources management in Lebanon: Characterization, water balance,
and policy options
Worldwide water resources are not uniformly distributed
and generally scarce in arid and semi?arid zones such as the Middle East.
Lebanon, which is located along the Mediterranean shores of the Middle East,
remains blessed with relatively more water in comparison to its neighboring
countries. This report examines increased pressure on Lebanon's water
resources requiring the formulation and implementation of a comprehensive
management plan to meet future water demands. Water resources are described
with corresponding present and future water balance, environmental stresses,
and constraints facing the water sector in the country. Existing water laws
and regulations under the current institutional framework in Lebanon are
outlined. Developmental policies and management strategies to address the
potential water supply-demand imbalance and meet future challenges are
presented in the light of existing legal and regulatory constraints and
institutional capacities. El Fadel, M. (PL), and M. Zeinati.
Supported by United States Agency for International Development
Completed or in progress at AUB
Effect of used engine oil on properties of fresh and hardened concrete
Date of the Project: October 1, 2000 - September 30,
2001
It is noted in reference books on concrete technology and cement chemistry
that the leakage of oil into the cement in older grinding units resulted in
concrete with much more resistance to freezing and thawing. This
information is not backed by any research work reported in the
literature. A research program was designed to investigate the effect
of oil added during the batching and mixing procedure on the properties of
fresh and hardened concrete. What makes the study even more significant
is the environmental impact of the results. The use of an industrial
waste such as used engine oil as a substitute for a chemical admixture in
concrete has good environmental impact. The main variables of the study
included the dose of an air entraining admixture, the type and dose of the
oil (new or used engine oil), batching time, and the nominal concrete
strength (normal weight concrete or high strength concrete). Hamad, B. (PL).
Supported by URB
Completed or in progress at AUB
Effect of fiber reinforcement on confinement of tension lap splices in
high strength concrete
Date of the Project: July 1, 1999 - September 30,
2000
The primary objective of the research program was to evaluate the effect of
steel fiber reinforcement on the bond strength and ductility of the mode of
bond failure of tension lap splices anchored in high strength concrete test
specimens. Twelve full-scale high strength concrete beam specimens were
tested. Each beam was designed with bars spliced in a constant moment
region at midspan. The variables were bar size and the volume fraction
of steel fibers added in the splice region. Test results indicated that
the use of steel fibers in the splice region increased the bond strength and
the ductility of the mode of failure of the beam specimens. The
increase in bond strength with high fiber content exceeded 3[SQRT(f'c)], the
maximum increase in bond strength of a reinforced concrete beam that could be
achieved by using transverse reinforcement in the splice region. Hamad, B.
(PL), and M. Harajli.
Supported by URB
Completed or in progress at AUB
Influence of skewness on reinforced concrete slab bridges: Analysis
and behavior
In the proposed research, the effect of skewness on
reinforced concrete slab bridges is investigated. The study will
consider bridge decks with various angles of skewness and the live load
distribution from truck loading on the solid slab will be determined.
Simple and two-span continuous multi-lane bridges will be analyzed for a
variety of span lengths and slab widths and depths. Loading will
consist of AASHTO design trucks, positioned, laterally and longitudinally, to
produce maximum moments in the slab. The analysis will be performed
using the finite element method and a proper mesh model will be selected to
account for the skewness of the bridge slab. The behavior of the bridges
will be assessed with design procedures currently in use (AASHTO), and design
recommendations for the main longitudinal reinforcement and for the
distribution transverse reinforcement will be proposed. Mabsout, M. (PL).
Supported by URB
Completed or in progress at AUB
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