Electrical and Computer Engineering

Analog filters are important building blocks in many systems. However, they suffer from frequency range limitations. The research extended the high frequency range of analog integrators, using active RC circuits, and resulted in two articles that appeared in 1998 in the IEEE transactions on Circuits and Systems. The extension to biquadratic filters, which consist of two integrators in a loop, is under consideration. It is worthwhile to investigate the new techniques, or modifications of them, to different technologies such as OTA’s and Current Conveyors. M. A. Al-Alaoui. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

Neural Networks have penetrated in their applications many fields that require classifications and functional approximations. The ubiquitous Back-Propagation Algorithm is the most popular of the employed algorithms. However, it suffers from slow convergence and speeding up its convergence is an important problem. The research is investigating adapting the Al-Alaoui algorithm, which was developed for the traditional one layer neural networks to multi-layer neural networks. Initial results are encouraging and have produced batch versions of the algorithm. More extensive experimentation in addition to developing single pattern adaptations are needed. M. A. Al-Alaoui. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

The research has two components. One component addresses digital communications and the other addresses computer networks. A direct approach to digital angle modulation with application to binary shift keying demonstrated that frequency shift keying could outperform phase shift keying. The research resulted in two published articles. An adaptive reservation ALOHA scheme is presented. The method varies the number of data packet slots, M, preceding the reservation request slots. M is chosen adaptively proportional to the load. The purpose of the scheme is to reduce time delay. M. A. Al-Alaoui. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

Several problems are being investigated. One aspect of this research is investigating the problem of sub-band coding and Image compression. The Master thesis of Mr. Wael Bazzi the use of transform coding which is a frequency domain coding techniques is investigated. Results show that transfocoding results in improved performance especially at low bit rates. Another aspect of the work investigates the problem of contour tracing using 8-neighbors versus using 4-neighbors utilizing edge detectors and morphologial operators. This research constitutes the Master thesis work of Mr. Fahd El-Zoght. M. A. Al-Alaoui. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

The research has resulted in the development of a class of numerical integration rules with first order derivatives and an article that reported the results of the research. The next step after obtaining the new numerical integration rules is to use them for the solution of differential equations. For example Milne’s two step integration rules which uses Simpson integration rule suffers from instability which could be alleviated by using my new integration rules. Initial investigation gave promising results and was reported in a conference paper. M. A. Al-Alaoui. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

S-to-Z transforms are used in designing digital filters by utilizing existing analog filters. An article was published in October 1997, which reports on the work that resulted in a class of linear s-to-z transforms. The research work fills the gap between the two most widely used s-to-z transforms, namely the bilinear and the backward difference transforms. Work is also being carried out on the development of stable higher-order s-to-z transforms to achieve higher accuracy, or equivalently to achieve accuracy similar to those obtained by linear s-to-z transforms, but with reduced sampling rates. M. A. Al-Alaoui (Supported by AUB/URB.)

The problem addressed in this research is speaker verification as it involves knowing the identity of a given speaker using a predefined set of samples. The thesis by Miss Rita Wouhaybi used neural networks. Recently some modifications of the thesis work resulted in three conference papers. One was presented at the International Conference on Scientific Computations held at the Lebanese American University , LAU, on March 15-17, 1999. The Other two were accepted by the international conferences ECCTD’99 and ICECS’99 to be held on 29 August-2 September 1999 in Stresa, Italy and the other to be held on 5-8 September in Pahos, Cyprus. The Master thesis by Rodolph Mouci addressed the problem of Character Recognition using Neural networks, while the Master thesis of Mr. Bassam Haffar-Habbal addressed the problem of Arabic character recognition using correlation techniques. M. A. Al-Alaoui. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

Applications of digital signal processing and neural networks to biomedical engineering

Three Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based systems are compared as to their performance in the diagnosis of the Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH), the thickening of the left wall of the heart, from Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The first ANN system, carries the work in two steps, each implemented by using an ANN block. The second and third ANN systems, apply a preprocessing phase on the ECG signal. The second system employs one single layer ANN to perform the classification, using the Al-Alaoui’s Batch processing algorithm. The third Network employs a three layer ANN to perform the task, using the Error Backpropagation Algorithm. The work is based on live cases taken from the American University Hospital in Beirut. M. A. Al-Alaoui and M. Khoury. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

Switched-capacitor filters are probably the most widely used filters because of their low power consumption. The new developed active RC integrators will be adapted to obtain new switched capacitor integrators. In addition the proposed new S-to-Z transforms would decrease the number of required capacitors and improve the sensitivity to different parameters. Some of this work was carried out in the thesis by Miss Dina Matar, who graduated in 1998. M. A. Al-Alaoui. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

Geographic information systems, GIS, link spatial information to alphanumeric information, thus, developing geographically referenced database. In the environmental studies, GIS can answer many questions related to air pollution such as pollution sources as well as identification of regions in which the concentration may exceed limits set by local or international standards. The main objective is to estimate, using advanced graphical illustrations, the concentration levels of different types of air effluents emitted from point, line, or area sources. Case studies from the transportation and power sectors are considered. F. Chaaban. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

The growing global public concern over deteriorating air quality and greenhouse gases emissions released from various combustion processes, especially power plants and transportation systems, has led governments and local authorities into taking these issues seriously. In addition to its impact on air quality, the transportation sector has another unwanted product, noise pollution. To be able to estimate the environmental impacts of these sectors, it is necessary to collect enough data using specified sampling procedures, these samples will then analyzed and the results will be compared to international standards. The project was aimed at developing the first data base for air and noise pollution in the country. Valuable results were obtained from extensive sampling procedure over a period of 2 years and under different atmospheric conditions. The results of these sampling processes were presented together with suggestions for mitigation measures. F. Chaaban and G. Ayoub. (Supported by LNCSR.)

A probabilistic approach for performance assessment of hybrid solar-wind energy conversion systems

In this project, a general probabilistic model of a hybrid SWECS composed of several wind turbines (wind farm) and several solar arrays (solar park) feeding a load via a battery storage is developed. The proposed technique considers a bi-directional flow of power and allows the simulation of wind farms and solar parks containing identical generating units or units of different types. The model incorporates the wind turbines and solar array outages due to unavailability of suitable wind speeds and solar insulation, or due to hardware failure. A methodology is also developed to use the proposed model in determining an upper limit on the size of the storage required for a given number of wind turbines and solar arrays to satisfy a certain expected energy not supplied (EENS). R. Chedid. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

A probabilistic approach for performance assessment of hybrid solar-wind energy conversion systems

In this project a general probabilistic model has been developed to model Diesel-wind energy conversion systems. The model allows the simulation of a Diesel system with a wind farm of different wind turbine types considering system stability, and outages due to hardware failure and primary energy fluctuations. It is based on a modification of the convolution method, which considers a given penetration level selected by the utility for stability consideration. The production costs of the Diesel units are then deduced from the expected energy not supplied (EENS) using a unit de-convolution in reverse economic order. A methodology is also developed to use the proposed model in determining an upper limit on the size of the storage based on the excess wind energy available during operation R. Chedid. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

Electric utilities are obligated to meet the needs of their customers. The basic strategy employed by utilities to meet changing -and usually increasing- electricity needs has historically been to build more power plants. However, within the past ten years utilities have been using techniques to modify customer energy demands as a way to meet customer requirements. The aim of this project is to develop an analytical technique to study the ability of solar water heaters to reduce electric energydemand especially during the peak intervals, and to evaluate the overall economic benefits resulting from both fuel savings and better environmental conditions. R. Chedid. (Supported by LNCSR.)

Performance evaluation of cache memory (CM) in state-of-the-art computer systems is the subject of extensive research. Such studies enable designers of these systems to decide on factors such as CM size, line (block frame) size, and choice of algorithms pertaining to cache memory management policies (CMMPs). The driving force behind these decisions would be to optimize the CM hit ratio and, therefore, CM performance, which will in turn enhance the overall system performance. This research will investigate the possibility of introducing fuzzy-based CMMP algorithms, which will improve CM performance. H. Diab. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

The performance evaluation of shared-memory multiprocessor systems with a multiple-bus interconnection network using fuzzy logic (FL) is addressed. Interconnection networks (INs) are used for connecting processors and memories in multiprocessor systems. These networks play an important role in the overall system performance, and in some cases constitute the bottleneck of data transfer between the different system modules. Multiple-bus systems constitute one type of INs, which allows multiple and simultaneous bus transfers in addition to a high degree of fault tolerance. A novel way of implementing these arbiters is through the use of FL methodology to resolve resource conflicts. This research presents the implementation of a simulation tool that evaluates the performance of such systems using FL arbiters. Results are compared against published data using prioritized arbitration schemes and shows very close agreement. H. Diab. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

Moment method solution of the E-Field integro-differential equation of a circular aperture in a conducting plane

The electric field integrodifferential equations for the electromagnetic scattering from a perfectly conducting plane perforated with a circular aperture is solved by the method of moments. The problem is formulated as an operator equation, where the unknown is the equivalent magnetic current over the aperture and the known is the tangential magnetic field over the aperture region for the complete conducting plane i.e, aperture shorted. Finally, a matrix method of solution is described and a numerical solution is obtained. K. Kabalan, A. El-Hajj. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

Characteristic modes of multiple rectangular apertures in a conducting body with a dielectric filled cavity

The characteristic modes of multiple rectangular apertures in a conducting body with a dielectric filled cavity are calculated. These modes are used to evaluate the electric field in the apertures regions. A. El-Hajj, K. Kabalan. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

Electromagnetic transmission between two regions separated by two parallel planes perforated with rectangular apertures

The electric field integrodifferential equations for electromagnetic transmission between two regions separated by two parallel planes perforated with rectangular apertures are solved by the characteristic mode method. The problem is formulated as an operator equation, where the unknowns are the equivalent magnetic currents over the apertures, and the knowns are the tangential magnetic fields over the apertures regions. Finally, a matrix method of solution is described and a numerical solution is obtained. A. El-Hajj and K. Kabalan. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

Design and testing of an optimized fuzzy logic controller for a wind energy conversion system

The control of wind turbines has traditionally aimed to deal with the operation of the grid under steady-state, and the reaction of the wind turbines to wind speed transients. Wind turbines normally deliver rated power at rated wind speed and available power at lower wind speeds. They are generally connected to a large power system, which can tolerate power injection unrelated to total system demand. However, the integration of wind turbines with small power systems involves the development of supplementary power control loop with integral behavior similar to the action of automatic generation control (AGC). In this research we propose to develop an intelligent controller based on neuro-fuzzy-logic for wind turbines that can be integrated with the actions of a weak local autonomous power system. The operation of the controller will be defined in full perspective of the control actions of any thermal-unit control present on the system and then its operation will be simulated using some a purpose built software simulator. S. Karaki, and R. Chedid. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

The aim of this project is to develop a computer program for the identification of optimal generation expansion plans minimizing system production costs over a given time horizon while keeping the adequacy of the supply within some accepted norm. The program models environmental emissions of generating units and includes their effect on the expansion plans. The program developed so far can carry out an expansion plan for a given system over a rolling horizon using some specified technologies and will report on the production cost and emission of pollutants. A probabilistic method based on the expected energy not supplied method is used to calculate the expected energy produced by each unit, its corresponding production cost and environmental emissions. The program can model hydroelectric units and accounts for firm hydroelectric plans. The developed program has been used to carry out simulation studies on the power generation system of Electricite du Liban (EDL) for validation purposes. The simulations done investigate the EDL system in its current state. S. Karaki and F. Chaaban. (Supported by LNCSR.)

The advancements in electronics and the advent of high-speed, low cost microprocessors has led to the development of highly sophisticated management and monitoring modules for analog devices. Proprietary solutions have been developed to use electronics and computers to actively manage and control such devices. Although readily available, these solutions have mostly been expensive and usually limited to a select set of equipment. Development of such solutions is also time consuming and often an act of “recreating the wheel”. This research aims at implementing SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) as an “open standards” analog device remote management solution. The adaptation of SNMP in the analog world will be investigated using the automobile system as a case study. A. Kayssi. (Supported by LNCSR.)

We propose to research the problem of adapting class-based queuing (CBQ) to the various component links of a multilink point-to-point protocol connection, especially when the component links have different speeds (bit rates), costs, and latencies, and to define the criteria for when to add or remove a link. In addition, we propose to implement CBQ using the Opnet Modeler software. A. Kayssi. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

We propose to research the problem of finding an optimal way to balance the load among the various component links of a multilink point-to-point protocol connection, especially when the component links have different speeds (bit rates), costs, and latencies, and to define the criteria for when to add or remove a link. In addition, we propose to research the possibility of combining network resource reservation with dynamic bandwidth allocation over multiple links. A. Kayssi. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

Solar energy concentration has been long investigated as a means of intensifying the available field of energy reaching us from the sun. The objective was to track the sun with low cost and complexity usincommercial components. This work aimed directed towards building a local capability in the field of high temperature solar energy usage. Several designs have been considered by which to achieve an acceptable concentration, the most compact of these being the parabolic dish. Another design of interest is the parabolic trough offering a full line of concentrated solar images as opposed to a single image from the dish design. The dish design requires a dynamic tracking system in order to maintain the focus at a desired location. In this project, a PC based control system was developed and built utilizing a reflective communication dish mounted on a two degrees of freedom momipulator. The station that was tested is being currently used in solar energy applications. F. Mrad and R. Nuwayhid.

Design of fuzzy controllers based on the use of a new defuzzification strategy

This study presents a new algorithm for the design of Mamdani-type or fully-linguistic fuzzy controllers based on available input-output data. It is based on the use of a new and parameterized defuzzification strategy previously introduced by the author of this study. The algorithm is tested by considering a typical non-linear function that has been considered in a number of published studies. The test stresses on data fitting, function shape representation, noise insensitivity and generalization capability. J. Saade. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

On the efficiency of a new fuzzy controllers design methodology in the representation of non-linear functions

This research project is devoted to the investigation of the performance efficiency of a recently introduced data-driven design methodology for fuzzy controllers. As is known, fuzzy inference systems have initially been introduced to linguistically model the knowledge of human operators. Also, fuzzy controllers have been recognized as structures, which can represent non-linear input-output relationships. Hence, the efficiency of the design methodology for the automatic derivation of the fuzzy controllers structures is tested based on the following factors: The adequacy it offers in the linguistic representation of human knowledge, data approximation, noise insensitivity and generalization capability. The results are compared with those obtained using neuro-fuzzy and other data-driven design approaches. Other factors; such as the dependency of the learning on the error function and the ease of use of the design approach are considered. J. Saade and M. Al-Khatib. (Supported by AUB/URB.)

Based on the elements involved in the structure of fuzzy controllers, this study examines the different features and disadvantages of the commonly used defuzzification methods. Then based on this examination, and accounting for the compatible assignment of logical connectives, inference rules and membership functions, a new and advantageous defuzzification technique is introduced and justified. Therefore, the technique integrates the defuzzification problem into the global structure of fuzzy controllers. It also helps the designer achieve his design objectives in a simple and systematic manner. Another related defuzzification strategy, which has been introduced and published by the principle author of this study, is also given and commented upon. It is shown that this strategy satisfies important properties, which need to be possessed by a desired defuzzification method. It also shares important features with the technique introduced in this study. Further, case studies are considered and comparative conclusions are drawn. J. Saade and H. Diab.

Al-Alaoui, M. A., A stable inverting integrator with an extended high-frequency range. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, 45 (3), 399-402, 1998.

———, Comments on “FSK demodulation using an adaptive recursive digital filter." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 46 (2), 524-526, February 1998.

———, A differential integrator with a built-in high frequency compensation. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I. Fundamental Theory and Applications, 45 (5), 517-522, 1998.

———, A direct approach to digital angle modulation yields a lower bound for the probability of error of Binary FSK. International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, 34 (3), 274-281, 1997.

———, Filling the gap between the bilinear and the backward difference Transforms: An interactive design approach. International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education. 34 (4), 331-337, 1997.

Chaaban, F. and Rahman, S., Baseline energy and electricity consumption in Lebanon and opportunities for conservation. Energy Policy, 26 (6), 487-493, 1998.

Chedid, R., Analysis and control of a variable speed wind energy conversion system. Journal of Renewable Energy, WREC 1998, 1910-1913, 1998.

Chedid, R., Akiki, H., and Saifur, R., A Decision support Technique for the Design of Hybrid Solar-Wind Power Systems. IEEE Transactions On Energy Conversion, 13(1), 1998.

Chedid, R., Mezher, T., and Jarrouche, C., A fuzzy programming approach to energy resource allocation. International Journal of Energy Research, 23 (4), 303-317, 1999.

Chedid, R., Mrad, F., and Basma, M., Intelligent control for wind energy conversion systems. Wind Engineering, XXII (1), 1998.

Diab, H., Simulation of cache-based parallel processing systems using spreadsheets. International Journal of Engineering Education, 14 (2), 136-144, 1998.

Diab, H., and Saade, J., On the simulation and design of fuzzy controllers, Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 18 (1), 111-126, 1998.

———, Weather prediction using fuzzy control methodology. Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, 7 (3), 1999.

Diab, H., Tabbara, H., and Mansour, N., Simulation of dynamic input buffer space in MINs. Advances in Engineering Software, 1999.

Diab, H., Tabbara, H., and Smari, W., A simulation tool for the performance evaluation of a class of MIMD systems. International Journal of Modeling and Simulation, 1998.

El-Hajj, A., and Hazim, M., On using spreadsheets for logic networks simulation. IEEE Transactions on Education, 41 (4) , 311-319, 1998.

El-Hajj, A., Kabalan K., and Rayes, A., Characteristic mode formulation of multiple rectangular aperture in a conducting plane with a dielectric filled cavity. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 40 (2), 89-93,1998.

—–——, Electromagnetic scattering and penetration into a filled cavity through an aperture in a conducting plane. Radio Science, 33 (5), 1267-1275, 1998.

Kabalan, K., El-Hajj, A., Khoury, S., and Rayes, A., 3-D Analysis of radiation from apertures in flange-mounted rectangular waveguides. AEU, International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 52 (2), 49-52, 1998.

Karaki, S., Weather sensitive short term load forecasting using artificial neural networks and time series. International Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 19 (3), 1-6, 1999.

Kabalan, K., and El-Hajj, A., Digital filter design using spreadsheets. Journal of Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 7 (1), 9-15, 1999.

Karaki, S., and Chedid, R., Short term load forecasting using composite modeling and artificial neural networks. International Journal of Power and Energy System, 17 (3), 1997.

Kayssi, A., Macromodel construction and verification. IEEE Circuits and Devices, 14 (4), 34 – 39, 1998.

Kayssi, A., El-Hajj, A., Al-Assir, M., and Sayyid, R., Web-based tutoring and testing in a computer networks course. Computer Applicationsin Engineering Education, 7 (1), 1 – 7, 1999.

Mrad, F., An Industrial workstation design using quality function deployment. International Journal on Quality and Reliability Engineering, 13, 261-268, 1997.

———, The characterization of a clean room assembly process. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 35 (2), March/April 1999.

Mrad, F., and Deeb, G., Extending the utility of the RHINO educational robot IEEE Transactions on Education. 40 (3), 184-189, 1997.

Saade, J., and Diab, H., Defuzzification techniques for fuzzy controllers. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, PartB, 29 (6), 1999.

———, A CAD tool for simulation of fuzzy controllers. The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 23 (2B), 289-305 1998.

Yehia, M., Electricity in Lebanon: Challenges and Perspectives. Lebanon: Lebanese Center for Policy Studies, 1999.

Yehia, M., Ramadan, R., El-Tawil, Z., and Tarhini, K., An integrated technico-economical methodology for solving reactive power compensation problem. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,13 (2), 61-65, 1998.

Al-Alaoui, M. A., A weighted generalized inverse approach for pattern classification using neural networks, 8-9. Symposium on Computational Science, Center for Advanced Mathematical Science, AUB, May 13-15, 1998, Beirut, Lebanon.

———, Numerical integration rules with first order derivatives and their applications to numerical integration and to the solution of differential equations. International Conference on Scientific Computations, LAU, March 15-17, 1999, Beirut, Lebanon.

Al-Alaoui, M. A., and Wouhaybi, R., Speaker recognition using neural networks. International Conference on Scientific Computations, LAU, March 15-17, 1999, Beirut, Lebanon.

Badran, M., Louis, S., and Kayssi, A., Modular Distributed Computing. International Conference on Scientific Computation, Beirut, Lebanon, 1999.

Bazzi, W., and Al-Alaoui, M. A., Using transform coding in the subbands in subband coding, March 15-17, 1999. International Conference on Scientific Computations, LAU, Beirut, Lebanon.

Bazzi, W., Azar, K. and Al-Alaoui, M. A., Adding the image registration function to GIS software, March 15-17, 1999. International Conference on Scientific Computations, LAU, Beirut, Lebanon.

Chaaban, F., GIS implementation in air pollution analysis. 33^rd Intersociety Engineering Conference on Energy Conversion (IECEC’ 98), Colorado Springs, USA, 1998.

Chandramouli, V.*, Kayssi, A., and Sakallah, K.,* Signal Delay in Coupled, Distributed RC Lines in the Presence of Temporal Proximity. 17^th Conference on Advanced Research in VLSI (ARVLSI), Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 1997.

Chedid, R., Modeling and control of a variable speed wind energy conversion system, 195-199, 1998. IASTED conference on Modeling and Simulation, Pittsburgh, USA.

———, Renewable energy: problems and solutions. The First Symposium on Renewable Energy organized by NCSR, Beirut, Lebanon, September 1997.

———, Energy efficiency in Lebanon: status and market stimulation. Reforms for the Efficient Use of Energy in Arab States Workshop organized by the UNDP, Beirut, Lebanon, September 16-17, 1998.

———, Towards the promotion of renewable energy in Lebanon. Conference on Energy and Environmental Management in the 21^st Century for Lebanon and the Region. Sponsored by USAID, Beirut, Lebanon, June 25-27, 1998.

———, On the enforcement of energy related norms and practices for a cleaner environment. Expert Group Meeting on the Harmonization of Environmental Standards in the Energy Sector of the ESCWA member States. Cairo, Egypt, June 29, 1999.

———, Risk and uncertainty in modern planning of renewable energy systems. The “Week of Mechanical and Electrical Engineers” organized by the Order of Engineers of Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon, June 4, 1999.

Diab, H., Case method for the application of spreadsheets for computer engineering education. 16^th International Conference on Case Method Research and Application. Caceres, Spain, July 3-8, 1999.

Diab, H., Farhat, F.^*, El-Hajj, A., and Tabbara, H., A resource optimization tool for multiple SIMD machines, 415-419. IASTED International Conference on Modeling and Simulation, Pittsburgh, U.S.A, May 13-16, 1998.

Diab, H., Khoury, S., and El-Hajj, A., Simulation of dynamic systems using distributed multicomputer architectures, 3-8. IASTED International Conference on Networks and Communication Systems, Pittsburgh, U.S.A, May 13-16, 1998.

Diab, H., Khoury, S., El-Hajj, A., and Smari, W.^*, Performance evaluation of parallel processing sub-systems using neural networks, 676-680. 10^th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems, Las Vegas, U.S.A, October 28-31, 1998.

Diab, H., and Tabbara, H., Dynamic allocation of buffer space in smart multistage interconnection networks. 4^th International Conference on Numerical Methods and Applications, Sofia, Bulgaria, August 18-23, 1998.

El Hajj, A., Diab, H., and Hazim, M., An improved MSI logic circuits simulation method using spreadsheets, 491-494. IASTED International Conference on Modeling and Simulation, Philadelphia, PA, 1999.

Kabalan, K., Antar, N., Ibrahim, F., and Itani, M., A CAD package for discrete mathematics, 487-490. IASTED International Conference on Modeling and Simulation, Philadelphia, PA, 1999.

Karaki, S., R. Chedid, R., and Ramadan, R., Probabilistic performance Assessment of autonomous solar-wind energy conversion systems. IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, San Diego, California, USA, 1998.

Karaki, S., Chedid, R., and Ramadan, R., Probabilistic performance assessment of wind energy conversion systems. IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, Tampa, Florida, USA, February 1-5, 1998.

Karaki, S., Chaaban, F., and Tarhini, K., Probabilistic power production simulation with an environmental emissions model, 245-251. The 2^nd LAAS International Conference on Computer Simulation, Beirut, Lebanon, September 1-4, 1997.

Kassem A., Kayssi, A., Davidson, J.,* Houle, J. * and Mansour, M., Simulation and implementation of DCT for image processing applications. The 2^nd Second LAAS International Conference on Computer Simulation, Beirut, Lebanon, 1997.

Liu, J.*, Makki, R.*, and Kayssi, A., Dynamic power supply current testing of CMOS SRAMs. 1998 Asian Test Symposium, Singapore, Singapore, 1998.

Mansour, M., and Kayssi, A., FPGA-Based Internet protocol version 6 router. 1998 International Conference on Computer Design, Austin, TX, USA, 1998.

Mrad, F., Karaki, S., and Copti, B., A novel fuzzy logic synchronous machine stabilizer, 797-803. IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, USA, October 1997.

Yehia, M., Geographic information systems: an integrated business approach for utilities. Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Middle East GIS ESRI User Conference , Beirut, Lebanon, May 1999.

———, Restructuring the power sector in developing countries: turning ideas into realities. Energy and Environmental Management in the 21^stCentury for Lebanon and the Region (USAID), Byblos, Lebanon, June 1998.

Yehia, M., and Ramadan R., GIS: A technology for performance improvement in electricity supply systems. Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual ESRI International User Conference, San Diego, USA, July 1998.

Bazzi, W., Sub-band transform coding for Image compression (1999). M. A. Al-Alaoui.

Deeb, G., Experimental comparative analysis of fuzzy logic control (1998). F. Mrad.

El-Chemali, C., Modeling and robust control of wind energy conversion systems, (1998). R. Chedid

El-Tawil, Z., An integrated technico-economical methodology for solving reactive power compensation problem under geographical information system environment (1997). M. Yehia

Farhat, F., A system-level circuit performance model for microprocessors (1998). A. I. Kayssi

Haffar-Habbal, W., A multimedia educational tool for computer graphics courses, (1999). H. Diab

Hakimian, J., Adaptive load sharing in distributed local area network (1998). K. Kabalan.

Jaber, Z., Transmission expansion planning methodology in a restructuring environment (1999). M. Yehia

Matar, D., A comparative study of s-to-z transforms in the design of SC filters (1998). M. A. Al-Alaoui

Salameh, S., Environmental and operational assessment of distribution networks with conventional and renewable energy sources (1998). R. Chedid