In his lecture, Mr. Masri presented findings from his dissertation research in Mount Lebanon, a geographical area important for its role as a center for organization relations with the rest of the Arab world during ancient and modern times, and which was directly influenced by city life and urbanization through its relations with Beirut. Findings indicate that migration and forced migration began in the 19th century and intensified during the 20th. The resulting social, economic, political, and security conditions created a horizontal and vertical demographic imbalance and subsequent social problems. The beginning of the 1970s, however, witnessed a change in the direction of migration – now headed east to the Arab oil producing countries. During the civil war, migration and other the forms and types of population change became interwoven, making it extremely difficult to differentiate between them. The study areas also suffered immensely from forced migration, which varied from by community on the basis of their sectarian composition and geographic location. Rural-urban and urban-rural population movements also took place.